Compare Utilitarian and Deontological Theory - 1821 Words

COMPARE UTILITARIAN AND DEONTOLOGICAL THEORIES Utilitarianism is the idea that the moral worth of an action is determined by its usefulness. In maximizing utility and minimizing negative utility, in short it can be defined as pleasure minus pain. Deontology means duty or obligation. This theory was founded by a German philosopher, Immanuel Kant (1724-1804). According to Kant, it is the only way of making moral decisions. Another definition for deontology is that it is an approach to the justification in which priority is given to the fundamental principles (Thompson et.al 2000;364) Utilitarianism is an act which is right when it promotes happiness and is wrong when it promotes unhappiness. Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) was the†¦show more content†¦John Stuary Mills theory contrast related to how people find pleasure and human happiness. Utilitarianism understands all practical reasoning- reasoning about what to do as means to an end reasoning. It is rational to do whatever brings about a good end. The utilitarianism thinks it is obvious that is something is good more of it is better and we ought to do what is. The deontologist disagrees and offers an alternative theory of practical reasoning. (Michael Lacewing www.alevelphilosophy.co.uk) Here is an illustration of how a Deontologist and Utilitarianism may differ on making decisions , A bus on a school bus with 30 children is hijacked by hijackers . The hijackers demanded that one child should be killed so that the rest would be saved. The hijackers have made it clear that if no action is made within an hour they will kill all the children within 3hours.A utilitarian will make a decision based on its merit that is utilitarianism is a theory that produces that always produces happiness for the greater number of people .Therefore if one child dies it saves 29children. A deontologist will follow the deontological ethical theoryShow MoreRelatedDescribe the Main Principles of the Two Normative Ethical Theories of Deontology and Utilitarianism. Compare and Contrast the Two Theories, Bringing Out Any Problems or Limitations You See in Each.1652 Words   |  7 PagesDescribe the main prin ciples of the two normative ethical theories of deontology and utilitarianism. Compare and contrast the two theories, bringing out any problems or limitations you see in each. Bioethics Essay †¢ Intro: Define ethics and define and introduce the two theories. (philosophical theories†¦) †¢ Utilitarianism- example †¢ Deontology- example- compare †¢ comparing- evaluating and critically analyzing*- similarities and differences. †¢ Limitations and positives* Read MoreCyber Ethics Should Be Addressed Sooner915 Words   |  4 Pagesmedia (Cyber-Ethics). This theory of moral principles spans further than just downloading torrents from a site, it is trend that is sweeping or youth, neglecting to set standards and educate users has become the norm in our web centric society. Cyber ethics is an issue that needs to be taught to users at a younger and younger age, as schools and institutions turn to information technology (IT) as an avenue to educate, these users need cyber-ethical guidance. Utilitarian Normative ethics in IT fallRead MoreDeontology and Utilitarianism Essay1340 Words   |  6 PagesDescribe the main principles of the two normative ethical theories of deontology and utilitarianism. Compare and contrast the two theories, bringing out any problems or limitations you see in each. INTRODUCTION:- Bioethicists ask these questions in the context of modern medicine and draw on a plurality of traditions, both secular and religious, to help society understand and keep pace with how advances in science and medical technology can change the way we experience the meaning of healthRead MoreDefinitions And Development Of Deontological And Teleological Ethics1039 Words   |  5 Pagesessay will include the background and development of deontological and teleological ethics. Also, it will compare and contrast the absolute and relative ethics. Finally, it will contain the ethical issues which can affect the operational activities of the business. In order to support the points, it will also include the real life examples. AC 1.1 - Background and development of ethical approaches Teleological ethic - this describes an ethical theory which judges the rightness of an action in termsRead MoreEthical Concepts And Principles Of Business Ethics1673 Words   |  7 Pagesthat held by consumers, and so they have an obligation above and beyond the sales contract (and let the buyer be aware) to exercise due care in preventing consumers and the environment from being harmed by their products. Organisations that follow Utilitarian ethics assess economic externality factors relating to their operations in terms of the cost and benefits of their actions. Organisations that follow Kantian codes of conduct concentrate not completely on financial goals, or internal political goalsRead MoreEvaluating Causation When Confronted With Unfavorable Outcomes1743 Words   |  7 Pagesprocess causation when confronted with unfavorable outcomes. In order to gauge how counterfactual thinking can be affected, we will focus on the factors of gender and mutability of a situation. According to Epstude and Roese (2008), when people compare an imagined alternative outcome with the actual outcome of an action or a situation, they are engaging in the process of counterfactual thinking. The implications of this concept have been subjects of interest to many researchers due to the theory’sRead MorePlanning Stage At North West Shelf818 Words   |  4 Pagesan ethical manner so as to ensure an acceptable company image. The ethical issue noticed in this stage was minor oil spills that occurred during transportation, through leakage, jettisoning or collision (Woodside 2006). It is observed that the utilitarian approach adopted in this project is highly valued in economic terms; it must be tailored to incorporate ecological issues (Bentham). They choose the course of action that provides the greatest benefits after the costs have been taken into accountRead MoreEssay about Martha Stewart Ethics1436 Words   |  6 Pagesactions we must compare her actions agains t the different theories. Normative ethics shows us how to mentally dissect an issue and make a moral decision. There are two basic theories: utilitarian and deontological. When utilitarians make a moral decision, they look at the consequences of a decision in order to decide if it is right or wrong. This approach is called consequentialism. Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill founded the most widely accepted consequentialist theory called utilitarianismRead MoreJohn Stuart Mill s Utilitarianism Essay1381 Words   |  6 Pages There are many ethical theories that one can follow. As a result of there being many different theories, some can overlap while others can vary greatly. The two most widely known theories, Utilitarianism and Deontological ethics, greatly conflict with each other. They differ mostly in what they value most, the outcome vs. the action/motive. John Stuart Mill’s Utilitarianism itself differs from the original form of Utilitarianism created by Jeremy Bentham. Bentham felt that pleasure was wholly goodRead MoreUtilitarianism And Deontology From A Business Perspective1875 Words   |  8 Pagesage old question of what is better for business Utilitarianism, Deontology or something else? These two main ethical concepts rule almost all decisions made by companies nowadays. The paper is structured so that first it analyses Utilitarianism and compares it to Deontology by first defining the ethical terms based on current literatures, and later provide real live examples to illustrate the concepts mainly obtained from articles in authoritative sources. A conclusion is then derived from these discussions

The Importance of Respect Throughout Society - 4289 Words

The Importance of Respect Throughout Society There are many forces at work that keep organizations, society, and mankind in general operating. These can range from the moral basis of the said organization or civilization, to logistic and financial structure, to the motivation and views of the people in it, the policies of the leader or leaders, as well as their finesse and charisma, all the way to the traditions and customs that make the organization stand out uniquely and its people proud to be a part of it. Those are just a few as there are many, many more, probably too numerous to name. But one force and concept holds most, if not all, of the others together to give any true organization its life and soul. That concept is respect.†¦show more content†¦A lot of people believe in respecting someone in high regard if that person is significantly older or more experienced than them in something. The military has a rank structure used as a means to identify persons in a position of authority, also used to point out experience within those ranks, and teaches junior members from the start the importance of respecting all people within that organization with a superior rank, in order to establish good order and discipline. Ultimately, respect could be summed up by regarding anyone of high stature, higher authority, or higher age in special or elevated esteem. To try to pinpoint exactly when respect was first shown by early people is impossible, as the first signs of it we have seen were in prehistoric times, where there is no definitive written records. However, it has been shown in evidence that more than fifty thousand years ago, there were signs of individuals held in high esteem by larger groups of people. This was usually due to either exceptional hunting or fighting skills, organization of those groups, perceived medical skills or mystical qualities, or various other social or gathering skills. Even though there were no standing armies at the time, there were still skilled people looked up to in order to defend or organize the defense of camps against other humans or even large predators outside of the tribe. Occasionally,Show MoreRelatedThe Spirit, Ideals, And Values Of An Individual Can Express A Great Deal1086 Words   |  5 Pagesgreat deal about the society in which they inhabit. These aspects represent society’s guiding principles, showing our motivations, influences, and attitudes that we hold and act with. During the Counter-Reformation period, the very foundations of the world began to collapse. Italy was thrashed by Barbarians and the church structure was challenged, creating difficulty in keeping certain manners, ideals, and values unchanged. In an attempt to codify these aspects of society, Giovanni Della Casa wroteRead MoreLyndon Johnson s The Great Society924 Words   |  4 PagesOn 1964 Lyndon Baines Johnson delivered the speech, â€Å"The Great Society†. He traveled to Ann Arbor on May 22 to give his speech at the University of Michi gan. Previously, Lyndon Johnson first mentioned â€Å"the great society† at the Ohio University. He stated, â€Å" And with your courage and with your compassion and your desire, we will build a Great Society. It is a Society where no child will go unfed, and no youngster will go unschooled,†(Remarks in Athens at Ohio University line 51-52). However, it Read MoreThe Transcendence of Cultural Barriers Through The History of Sports1738 Words   |  7 Pagesleisurely. However, sports also assist in cohesion from a wide cultural landscape spanning the globe. Sports have played a significant role throughout history in developing societies and communities across the globe. The evolution of sports throughout history illustrates how sports have transcended all cultural boundaries through several ideological factors such as respect, sportsmanship, fair play, honor, and integrity, for example. The idea of sports providing an equal playing field or opportunity opensRead MoreThe Importance Of Nonverbal Communication1194 Words   |  5 PagesCommunication plays a key role in every culture, but the importance or preference a culture places on verbal or nonverbal communication differs greatly. The country of Japan is a high-context culture, which means their society places a greater importance on nonverbal communication rather than verbal communication. In order to understand why Japan places such importance on nonverbal communication, the way they verbally communicate with others needs to be discussed first. Many cultures outside of JapanRead MoreThe And Indian Passage Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh Essay1384 Words   |  6 PagesReligion is one of the most effective ways to have a positive impact on complex societies, whether it is obeying a religious figure, or following a set of rules. This is seen to be true in the Mesopotamian literature of the â€Å"Epic of Gilgamesh†, the Egyptian text of ‘Negative Confessions’, and the Indian passage of Ashoka’s â€Å"Pillar Edicts†, where religion is the central theme throughout these documents. Even though, these documents have many differences, including time, place, and overall objectiveRead MoreAnalysis Of Anglo-Saxon Culture In Beowulf1031 Words   |  5 Pagesprovides a clear glimpse into the lives, modes of function, and habits of the ancient society. In this, many aspects of their culture can be understood from reading the epic and analyzing the importance of it’s contents. However, certain details about large cultural ideologies, such as Anglo-Saxon beliefs concerning the universe and conduct, convey a deeper and more important understanding of Anglo-Saxon society. These concepts, in building the framework of our understanding for and about Anglo-SaxonRead MoreEssay on Role of Sir Robert Peel in Starting Community Policing1500 Words   |  6 PagesSir Robert Peel Policing has been a part of America for many decades. In fact, policing was known to exist prior to 1066, the year of the Normandy Invasion of Britain. Throughout the years policing has been a complicated and ongoing progress. The people of England did not have a stabilized policing standard and were often responsible for protecting and serving themselves. As early as the 1600s the Colonial America introduced the English styles of policing; citizens were responsible forRead MoreHonor in the Iliad and Antigone Essay1007 Words   |  5 PagesThe notion of honor is prevalent throughout the Iliad and Antigone. Both texts demonstrate that honor is essential to Greek heroes because honor is the foundation of the society and family. Homer and Sophocles clearly show that honor guides people’s actions and responses and decides the fate of themselves and others. Both authors also place emphasis on the importance of proper burial because it is a strong indication of honor to th e deceased and the deceased’s family. As can be seen in the IliadRead MoreRacism In To Kill A Mockingbird1301 Words   |  6 Pagesracism, and an understanding of the world in which she is growing up. Throughout the story, Scout grows and learns about the importance of honesty, respect, and courage. The importance of honesty is one of the most prominent life lessons explored in this novel. Atticus is an extremely honest man with very high morals that he continually displays and teaches to both Jem and Scout. Scout is very honest and straightforward throughout the novel. She realizes that sometimes people prefer not to hear theRead More To Make A Difference Essay908 Words   |  4 PagesTo Make A Difference We build our lives upon what we have been taught. From basic skills in reading, writing, and arithmetic to the importance of social interaction, teachers are given the opportunity to make a difference in the lives of their students. I feel that the greatest impact a teacher can have on their students is to fill them with a desire to learn. I think the nature of students can vary tremendously depending on several different factors. The first is the cognitive domain

Eating Breakfast for Success Free Essays

Running Heads: Breakfast and Learning Impact of Breakfast on Learning in School Ming Wen University of Massachusetts Boston Dr. Sheree Conrad Psychology 101 Fall 2012 Abstract In this experiment, we will study the impact of breakfast on learning in school. Students in several classes will be surveyed on their breakfast eating habits and their personal test scores. We will write a custom essay sample on Eating Breakfast for Success or any similar topic only for you Order Now It will be a one-time survey over the course of one test. Factors that will be put under consideration are the amount of times each individual studied and the amount of sleep they had the night before. Many researches have been conducted proving that there are significant relationships between eating breakfast and educational performances. This study hypothesizes that students who ate breakfast will do significantly better on tests than students who didn’t eat breakfast. Impact of Breakfast on Learning in School Boschloo, Annemarie, et Al. (2012) conducted a survey with 608 adolescents age 11-18 investigating whether skipping breakfast has an impact on educational performances. The survey was to determine if those who eat breakfast daily have a better end-term-grade than those who skips breakfast. As a result, those who eat breakfast daily performed better in school than those who don’t eat breakfast. The result also shows that people who slept late tend to slip breakfast, but sleep had no effect on performances. The results applied to older and younger students also boys and girls. Another crossover trail has been done by Widenhorn-Muller, Katharina et al. (2008), the trail was applied on high school students age 13-20. Students were assigned to two groups: one with breakfast and who without breakfast. They compared cognitive functions of students in each group. As a result, Breakfast  had no effect on paying more attention in class among students, but it has a short term effect on self-assessment and personal performance among the students. Pollitt, Ernesto et al. (1982-1983) found that â€Å"the timing and nutrient composition of meals have acute and demonstrable effects on behavior. † They conducted research on kids 9-11 yrs. old in controlled groups of fasting (breakfast) and non-fasting. They gave these children many tests such as assessment of IQ, the Matching Familiar Figures Test, and Hagen Central–Incidental Test. Glucose and  insulin  levels were also measured. Pivik, R. T. et al. (2012) found that â€Å"neural network activity involved in processing numerical information is functionally enhanced and  performance  is improved in children who have eaten  breakfast. † Meanwhile students who did not eat breakfast will require more mental effort to solve mathematical problems. This founding was possible by measuring the electroencephalographic (EEG) activity of kids age 7-11 while they are solving math problems. Kids who ate breakfast showed higher frequency EEG activity whereas vice-versa for kids who did not eat breakfast. The proposed study is designed to investigate whether breakfast has an impact on how well a student perform on his/her test. We can assume that each student has a general knowledge on the subject and that they are prepared to take the test. Questions that will be raised during this experiment are 1. whether a person should eat breakfast before test and 2. how much should we eat for it to be consider a healthy breakfast. Method The proposed study is a survey for students age 15-22 in high schools and colleges. Surveys should separate participants into male or female. This survey is conducted on students taking math courses and numbers of males and female should be even in each age group. It is best to conduct the survey on participants within the same classes. Questions will be asked is number of sleep each students had the night before. Whether they had breakfast in the morning. How often do they eat breakfast. Also have the students list the breakfast they had in the morning. Discussion This discussion section will address practical and methodological difficulties in carrying out this survey. Also ethnical background issue will be put under consideration. Some difficulties we might encounter when taking a survey might be each individual’s eating habits, some might eat more than others and the food they consume are different. Also health issues might affect a person’s performance, for example, a person that weighs 130 pounds might have different results in performance compared to a person who is weigh 220 pounds even if they consume the same amount of food for breakfast. Also personal views will affect the survey. Some people have higher standards than others and naturally, the people with higher standards will try harder to get a higher grade than students with lower standards. This also brings up the issue of ethnicity and backgrounds because some people have higher expectations and different cultures have different habits of eating. In future studies, I would like to conduct this survey to a wider age group such as kids from age 5-13 and adults from age 25-40. The adult brain is more developed than children’s brains and breakfast might have a different effect on children and adults. Also this survey can be expanded into testing on a wider range of tasks. Instead of math tests it can be test on other subjects, and other jobs such as a person’s performance in an office or ground work. The survey should also study different types of people such as people with special needs compared to a person with normal functions. References Boschloo, Annemarie, et Al. (2012). The relation between  breakfast  skipping and school performance in adolescents. Mind, Brain, and Education, Vol 6(2), Jun, 2012. pp. 81-88. Widenhorn-Muller, Katharina et al. 2008) Influence of having  breakfast  on cognitive  performance  and mood in 13- to 20-year-old high  school students: Results of a crossover trial. Pediatrics, Vol 122(2), Aug, 2008. pp. 279-284. Pollitt, Ernesto et al. (1982-1983). Fasting and cognitive function. Journal of Psychiatric Research, Vol 17(2), 1982-1983. pp. 169-174. Pivik, R. T. et al. (2012). Eating  breakfast  enhances the efficiency of neura l networks engaged during mental arithmetic in  school-aged children. Physiology Behavior, Vol 106(4), Jun 25, 2012. pp. 548-555. How to cite Eating Breakfast for Success, Papers

Advanced Business Writing for Annual IBA Conference-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theAdvanced Business Writing for Annual IBA Conference. Answer: Introduction It has been a few days that I came back from Sydney after attending the Annual IBA conference, 2017. The experience that I gathered was of immense value and will be cherished by me in the present as well as the coming days. I attended the seminar on a free invitation pass just few days prior to the conference and I was quick to book my flight ticket to Sydney. I met a number of intelligent people along with the best scholars, legal experts, veteran attorney generals and many more such people from the legal discipline. It was an enriching experience as because meeting with such high rated professionals was a help to my own future profession as a lawyer. The conference according to my own viewpoint was one of the most successful one in the history of IBA and the organizers made it a point to ensure its success by arranging everything in place. The seminars and programs along with the awards session was thoroughly enjoyed by me. I write this letter in order to reflect my enriching exper ience of the conference and summarize the conference in brief on how the following has helped me gain a proper understanding of the different legal practices and view law in the international perspective. The benefits of sharing the views of each other and most importantly taking necessary ideas from the experts and the experienced professionals has come in handy for me. Conference Description The conference began on the 23rd of October with a welcome note and an interactive session involving the young lawyers and trainees with the IBA scholars. One of the reputed IBA scholars named MR. Peter, an eminent lawyer of USA addressed the participants. He made us understand the modern trends followed in international law and the increasing importance of the bilateral and diplomatic laws that are agreed between the different nations in the world. He also talked about his personal legal experiences in both his native country as well as in other countries. While he was retreating from the platform I was able to meet and talk with him for a few minutes. I made it sure to first congratulate him on his great speech and asked for some necessary advice regarding our profession. The moment he came to know about my native country he was elated and suggested that I share some of the legal practices of Canada with the committee. This was suggested by him because of the absence of notable law yers from the country. The next day was another notable day for me as I joined some of the young lawyers, trainees and some aspiring lawyers like me in the seminar. The seminar began with the interaction with a panel of renowned guest speakers who addressed different questions and also shared their immense experience with us. Some of us were called to the stage to share their own experience which made the seminar all the more interesting. The speakers also raised key issues that the lawyers face while practicing and mentioned the ways to avoid such complex situations. There were some presentations from three eminent and young lawyers from Australia and Japan respectively. Last but not the least in any ways the concluding speech along with a short case history by the Bar Association of Spain was way too impressive and helped the aspiring lawyers like us with lots of knowledge. The idea of such complex laws and regulations will be helpful to deal with such cases if they arise in my country in the future. The most important and perhaps the key to the success of the following conference was the total video recording of the conference and then providing them to the participants in exchange of a minimum fee. The video presentation will be helpful for me as I will be able to access it whenever required. It will make me more confident when I will practice law practically and thus I am confident of being a successful lawyer in the future. Experience Gathered I will be elated to share my experience in the university back in Canada as I can share my rich knowledge with the other students and show them the entire video which will surely help them to gather some clear ideas on law and its practices. The fact that I attended the meet was well communicated to the members of IBA here in Canada who attended the meet along with me. I am invited by them to the annual Bar Association conference of Canada in the month of March, 2018 where I can again gain quality experience. The management of the following association has decided to focus more on the growth and development of the young lawyers of Canada and improve their style of legal practice. The rise in the number of complex and innovative challenges in the legal front has been a headache for the organization for quite some time now and thus the organization have decided to focus their attention to the following theme. In sharp contrast to the other developed countries especially the neighboring USA the aspiring as well as the young lawyers of the company have been facing different challenges regarding the proper scheduling of the legal programs. This leads them to areas of high risk that makes them vulnerable to risks. There are also other risks that the lawyers generally face among which financial risks tops the chart. This happens as because newcomers in the legal practice does not have enormous financial prowess. The bar association in Canada have a huge pressure to fulfill as the new lawyers needs to gain enormous experience to face the challenging cases which may come in the future. I was amazed to see the development that was already in place in the developed countries. The lawyers from the developed countries presented a lot of new facts that proved the advanced measures and practices that are in place to handle all the different cases. IBA has set up the young Lawyer committee as it is dedicated to help the young and aspiring lawyers like me to achieve the goals o f a lawyer and also introduce a number of strong and effective measures and practices in the bars of the developing countries. The annual Law conference is thus one of the best among all as it provides the perfect stage for the development of a young lawyer to an experienced person. The more the experience as a lawyer the more challenging it is. It will be a great honor for me to participate in the following conference in the coming days and be a member of the Young Lawyer committee. The conference for the next year will be held in Ontario, Canada which will surely be attended by me. The conference will also help the lawyers of Canada to realize the actual gap that exists in the present days and will surely take a leaf out of the law making rules and regulations of the developed countries. Conclusion Thus a thorough analysis of my experience of attending the conference will reveal a number of benefits for the attendees. Attending conferences like the one mentioned by me will surely add value and enrich a great deal of experience to the knowledge bank of an attendee. A person who was trying to submit his PhD paper will immediately postpone his submission as attending such conferences will reveal a huge number of gaps in his paper. To mention specifically about my personal experience I never thought of learning so much from different delegates and attendees of the conference. The presence of eminent lawyers from developed as well as developing countries were a boon for me as such a gathering was a rare fixture in the whole year. This has helped in the improvement of my own skills and will also enable me to help my colleagues and friends of the same profession to carry on with different cases. The experience gathered from the conference also benefits me to apply for new and much bet ter jobs in the future. The rich knowledge of different complex cases will surely make be an able lawyer. Therefore conferences have a great value in the lives of the professionals and the aspiring persons who wants to enrich their careers. Earlier I abstained myself from attending such conferences but I was able to get the reality check once I personally attended it. International Conferences like IBA helps the attendees to connect with the other attendees and discuss different point of views from different perspectives, learn new things and make new relationships. Personally I was able to establish new relationships with some other lawyers from different states which helped me to learn a great deal about the rules and laws of their country. Therefore to conclude the report it can be said that the experience I gained in the conference has been well described by me and I hope that my recommendations can have a positive impact on the structure of Bar in the country. Bibliography Bhattacharya, S. (2014). Was attending the conference worth value for money?.Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery: Official Publication of the Association of Plastic Surgeons of India,47(1), 1. Caccavella, E. (2015). Insolvency Section Sessions at the IBA Annual Conference.Insolvency Restructuring Int'l,9, 39. Comment, A. F. (2016). Organising committee needed for IBA conference. Dallaire, C., Ahossi, E., Rey, S., Missi, P. M., Doiron, V. (2018). Attending a conference: Students experience.Nursing Philosophy,19(1). Jagadish, H. V. (2016). Paper presentation at conferences: time for a reset.Communications of the ACM,59(3), 38-39. Neustaedter, C., Venolia, G., Procyk, J., Hawkins, D. (2016, February). To Beam or not to Beam: A study of remote telepresence attendance at an academic conference. InProceedings of the 19th ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work Social Computing(pp. 418-431). ACM. Rogers, T., Davidson, R. (2015).Marketing destinations and venues for conferences, conventions and business events(Vol. 14). Routledge.