The Great Crew Change Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Great Crew Change - Research Paper Example This crisis which resulted into a significant gap in the workforce by both ages and experience was referred to as the great crew change. The great crew change has created major dilemmas to the oil industry as the baby boomers are currently approaching their retirement age leaving insufficient and less experienced workers to continue with the projects. This presents a possibility of losing the tribal knowledge in the sector, irrespective of how hard and vigorous the recruitment drive is done. This paper will therefore discuss the impacts of the great crew change, its scope of effect and the overall steps that have been made to mitigate the situation (Clark, Davidson, Guilford & Parry, 2006). The expected mass exodus of experienced petroleum engineers is expected to have impacts on various countries including but not excluded to the United States. The depression that affected the oil industry in the 80s and 90s affected major developed economies and this has been attributed to the experience gap that is currently witnessed in the industry. Companies operating in the oil and gas industries in different countries of the world are facing the great crew change according to a workforce forum conducted in cape town in 2008. Despite the fact that the United States statistics on workforce gap being available, the effects have been felt in other countries with some countries suffering from the knowledge gap most (Irgens, 2008). According to the Brazilian NOC petrobras, the 90s was occasioned by minimal recruitment of geoscientists and petroleum engineers. This resulted into a situation where the scientists in the company either have 10 years less experience or even more that 20 in some instances. The Indian economy and oil industry has also been affected by this phenomenon according to the Indian national oil company which believes that the perceptions that were created in the 80s and 90s pushed away potential engineers (Clark,

Configure Basic Security Controls on a Fedora Linux Server Essay Example for Free

Configure Basic Security Controls on a Fedora Linux Server Essay 1. What is GRUB and why is it important to lock it down? a. GRUB is a bootloader. It is very important to lock this down because of the high access to the kernel and how important aspects can be modified on the fly at any time during the boot up process because it is unprotected by password. 2. Discuss the purpose of granting â€Å"sudo† access. Why is it a good idea not to log in as a root user? a. It gives the person access using the sudo access, superuser capability and allows them to run programs with the security privileges of such. This can cause instability of the kernel or in the hands of a skilled individual compromise the system. 3. If a file is set with the immutable flag, what security controls does this provide for the file? a. Immutable permissions designation prevents a file from being changed, even by someone with root level access. 4. Why do you get a blank window when trying to edit grub with â€Å"vi†? a. You need the correct permissions, or the file has been moved so it is loading nothing. 5. How do you know when you log in as root? a. Terminal prompt goes from [[emailprotected] ~]$ to [[emailprotected] username]# 6. What command do you need to use to install vim? a. apt-get install vim 7. What is iptables and how does this help harden the Fedora Linux Server? a. Iptables is like a rule set or chain of rules. You can use it to basically build a firewall. 8. Why is it important to configure and enable iptables on your Fedora Linux Server? a. To help secure a Linux server that is connected to the internet. 9. What is the difference between the commands ‘cat’ and ‘less’? a. The ‘cat’ command will list everything in a file and it has the capability to merge files. Less will view the contents of a file one page at a time waiting for the user to continue. 10. What is the difference between ‘setfacl’ and ‘getfacl’? How can â€Å"setfacl† help achieve security hardening? a. setfacl set file access control lists. getfacl get file access control lists. Setfacl is used to set up ACL (Access Control Lists). The usage of ACLs offers mechanisms for setting up per-user-permissions of single filesystem objects and provides fine-grained definitions of access restrictions.

Human Development Late Adulthood and End of Life

Human Development Late Adulthood and End of Life Right from conception to the day of death, a humans life is constantly developing and changing. However, most of these changes and developments are solely caused by the diverse stages we go through as human beings. The development stages are purely determined by biological and sociological heritage encountered by human beings. There are various developmental stages in the life of a human being which need to be addressed with great care so as to mitigate the negative effects associated with aging. As we age, there are various advancements that occur in us. For instance, we are able to properly use our bodies, develop relationships, communicate and work as well as experience love. The importance of possessing adequate knowledge on ageism and stereotypes associated with it cannot be overemphasized. This is due to the fact that the unfolding of human development lifespan is the base of our problems in life. There have been widespread views on death of human beings during various points o f development. As such, religious and cultural perspectives have had different views about human development and death. Nevertheless, human life can be likened to journey where one moves from one point to another, facing various challenges and moments of joy distinct from others. Promoting health and wellness in old age Promoting health and wellness during late adulthood can be very helpful in the mitigation against negative impacts of aging. It is considered that late adulthood starts at the age of 65 years. According to experts, this stage of life can be made a lively one if individuals obtain satisfaction and meaning in life rather than disillusionment and bitterness (Miller, 2008). Similarly, people within this age bracket are advised to develop a resolution between integrity versus despair which is always in conflicts throughout ones life. Statistics has shown that about 20% of the American population is composed of people aged 65 years and above. Moreover, further studies have demonstrated that with the improved modern medical technology, there is likelihood that longer lives can be attained artificially. Furthermore, it has been proved that longevity of life is not always associated with physical and mental deterioration. Psychologists have developed various ways through which individuals can eliminate the negative consequences of aging. For example, there are two theories that have been associated with successful aging: activity theory and disengagement theory. The former relates to the fact that as people age, their involvement in the normal societal activities is advisable due to the relief from difficult responsibilities. Consequently, opportunities are opened up for the younger people leading to better benefits to the society (Miller, 2008). The latter theory contradicts the former. It emphasizes that for better adjustment to aging, earlier activities of life should be maintained. Moreover, the proponents of the theory argue that being active ensures maintenance of the normal quality of life. In addition, maintenance of activity of a complete whole: physical, mental and social, prevents negative impacts of aging. Ageism and old age stereotypes Ageism is discrimination based on age. This form of discrimination is apparent in all ages but mostly applies towards the older people. Due to this kind of prejudice, older people are compelled to retire even though they still feel fit to continue working. Ageism is associated with various stereotypes about older people. There is no particular truth associated with stereotypes and ageism. For instance, when a person makes a remark such as, He drives like a little old lady, they are making a stereotype that may not have reasonable truth. While it may be true for an elderly lady to do most of her things slowly, there are others that do not have issues with speed. In fact, they may be faster than most of people several years younger (Nelson, 2004). Scientists have proved that the peak of ones physical strength as well as endurance is attained during the twenties. Thereafter, a decline ensues though at different rates depending on individuals. When one attains the late adulthood age, diverse physiological alterations may occur. Additionally, some level of brain atrophy may occur coupled with decreased neural process rates. Other numerous body changes such as decreased efficiency of the circulatory and respiratory rates and change of the gastrointestinal system occur during old age and they have profound impacts. Similarly, diminish of the bone mass particularly on women may lead to complications like osteoporosis. Other myths and stereotypes on aging include the believe that older people are senile, that the five senses are repressed during old age, that older people have no capacity and interest in sex, that most older people have a feeling of misery most often, that about 10% of aged live in long-stay institutions, that there is tendency towards being religious during old age, that old people are poor learners and during old age illnesses are bound to increase. The number of myths and stereotypes is somewhat inexhaustible. However, the fact is that these myths do not apply on all old people (Nelson, 2004). The concept of death dying Death and dying during different levels of human development have diverse views. Immense interest has always been associated with death and dying (Corr Nabe, 2005). Innumerable views have been given by different people on the concept of death and dying. However, the society has played a central role in shaping the perceptions of the people towards death and dying during different stages of human development. From time to time, there have been changing attitudes about death. Besides the usual attitude of fear concerning death, other attitudes have emerged in the recent times. During the process of human development, changes occur on the view of death and dying. For instance, during birth, one does not have an idea of what death is. However, this changes as one advance in age. Similarly, views concerning death are varied during different stages of human development. For instance, death of a child may be regarded very inappropriate due to the loss of an unexploited human being (Corr N abe, 2005). Similarly, if one dies during the Middle Ages, it may be regarded as an intense loss due to the resources used on the person who does not benefit the society. Finally, when a person dies during old age, it may not be regarded as intense as the society has derived some benefits from them. Different cultures have varied views about death and dying. According to philosophers, understanding the reality of death and the impacts on mans life; comprehension of the fears associated with death, enables people to live their lives fully. However, the American society does not believe in the reality of death; leading to confusion among people on issues of death. During the medieval days, people are said to have had a natural approach on death. This is contrary to the todays technology age where the western people have been separated from the reality of their biology. Consequently, there has been an obscurity of death realities. Different cultural perspectives about death and dying relate to care accorded to the dead, the life after and body disposal (Corr Nabe, 2005). There are rituals performed during these times depending on culture such as cremation as in Hindu, sky burial as in Tibet and mummification in other cultures. Conclusion Humans go through various stages during their lifetime. Various developments are attained before old age. Old age can be made more interesting though maintenance of proper focus on health and wellness. Myths and stereotypes about old age lead to prejudice on the old. Cultural variability has led to diversity on concepts of death and dying.

Galatians Bible Argument Essay -- Religion, Bible, Paul

I. Introduction 1:1-9 In this opening chapter, Paul begins with a formal introduction of himself. He asserts the source from whom he obtained his apostolic call and ministry from- the risen Christ and â€Å"God the Father† (v.1). He follows with a stern rebuke of the Galatian Christians who have allowed themselves to be duped into to embracing the heretical teachings promulgated by the Judaizers. A. Salutation 1:1-5 Paul establishes his credentials forthrightly and formally. This was crucial in terms of validating the ensuing message of the epistle. His readership, as well as his critics (the Judaizers), needed to be reminded of his apostolic authority as he attacked the heresy that had taken foothold in the Galatian Christian community. Denunciation 1:6-10 For Paul, the subversive teaching of the Judaizers warranted the pronouncement of a curse (i.e., anathema). The fact that Paul repeats the â€Å"anathema† in v.9 speaks to the seriousness of the offense. Clearly, this was a situation that required more than a mere reprimand. Thus, the apostle is not concerned with being socially lauded, esteemed, etc. The transgression was egregious and the consequences should be as well. II. Personal: Paul’s Credentials 1:11-2-2:21 Paul reasserts the authenticity and authority of his apostleship in this section. He does so by describing the unique manner by which he was called to into the Lord’s service (cf. Acts 9:1- 18). Years subsequent to the apostle’s special call (i.e., 3 and 14 years, respectively), he met some of the other apostles (i.e., Peter, James). It was crucial that Paul reassert and defend his divine appointment so that his message to the deceived Galatian believers would be regarded as legitimately apostolic and thus authorative. ... ...cerning the intent of the Law, sonship vs. slave status, the Law vs. liberty in Christ, and the practical manifestation of justification evidenced in the production of spiritual fruit as the believer â€Å"walks by the Spirit†. Perhaps the passage that best represents the message of this theologically robust epistle is Gal. 2:16a which reads, â€Å"nevertheless knowing that a man is not justified by the works of the Law but through faith in Christ Jesus†. This is the message that Paul asserts from his introductory comments in chapter one to his closing comments in chapter six. Moreover, Christians today will avoid the mistake of the Galatian Christians provided that we continue standing firm in the grace of our Lord Jesus. We must always be mindful of the fact that it is Jesus who is the author of our salvation (Heb 2:10)- the author and perfector of faith (Heb. 12:2).

Mill on Liberty

John Stuart Mill’s On Liberty is an intellectual discussion on just how far society’s reach can influence and direct the actions of individuals. Mills required several criteria to evaluate the discussion of cigarette advertising, its impact, and whether it is a health issue. His work can be summarized into the following points:1. An individual has the right to act as he wants as long as their actions do not harm others.2. Society has no right to intervene if the individual is only directing his actions upon himself.3. Children and those less civilized would be exempt. (In other words these two groups are deemed to require guidance).4. Everyone is entitled to free speech regardless if that speech is erroneous.5.   Debate is necessary to find truth.6.   We must protect the ability to choose.Mills would have no issue with cigarette advertising. Under his philosophy the manufacturers of cigarettes and those advertising for cigarettes would be entitled to do so. What Mil ls would argue is that although these companies have the right to free speech they would have to tell what the health costs of cigarette consumption as documented by every major health agency. Mills would propose that cigarettes be taxed and the individual be warned of associated health issues from cigarette consumption.If the individual is properly educated about the risks and still decides to purchase and consume cigarettes, according to Mills the individual will have assumed all the risk because the individual has  been educated about the risks of cigarette consumption and has still decided to pursue that action in spite of that knowledge.Mills’ decision would not solely be based upon whether the issue is health related or an issue of free speech regarding cigarette manufacturer’s ability to have their product advertised. Mills would take into account all aspects and produce a judgment. His utilitarian philosophy is never separate from any of his decisions and is expressed, â€Å"†¦ one must always act so as to produce the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people (Mill 59-74).†Following this logic cigarette advertising would be accepted; the cigarette advertising would have constraints such as proper disclosure of the health risks associated with cigarette consumption – in other words no deceptions. If, in spite of this information regarding cigarettes, the individual still makes a decision to use cigarettes, Mills would conclude that it is within the individuals’ power to control their actions, so if anything detrimental happened to them, they were fully aware of the consequences.What Mills would argue is that it would be wrong to influence children and others not qualified to properly take care of themselves. Constraints such as cigarette tax, proof of age would be acceptable as constraints because they do not infringe upon an individuals right to choose. The production of proof would be viewed as an i ndication that the individual understands the risks and willing to assume the risks associated with cigarette consumption.The cigarette producer requests that cigarettes be advertised. The advertisement would conform and give the risks inherent with cigarette consumption. In recognition of the risks, certain constraints such as requirement of understanding the health risks and proof that one is of legal age to understand these risks, Mills would have no issue.Mills would have issue if the individual wasn’t told of the health risks in the cigarette advertising. Mills would have issue if the cigarette manufacturers and cigarette advertisers forced individuals to consume cigarettes. Mills would have further issue if the individual was told he couldn’t  choose or would have a choice either way – to choose to use cigarettes or to choose not to use cigarettes based upon advertising.Mills would advocate that if cigarette manufacturers, advertisers did not provide the means (information, education, relevant disclosure) they should be punished. Applicable laws, fines and imprisonment would be considered.  These judgments would be considered because the manufacturer and advertiser would knowingly be inflicting pain upon the individual by not disclosing the health risks associated from consuming cigarettes and the advertising of the product.Simply, â€Å"†¦ the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others (68).† Because harm would come to the individual without proper information, the prevailing judgment would be to enforce a law so as to cause other manufacturers of cigarettes and their advertisers to rightfully inform the individual. Also, â€Å"†¦ each is the proper guardian of his own health, whether bodily, or mental or spiritual (71-72).†The process of discussing the effects and how cigarettes affected the individual would be rigorously encouraged by Mills. â€Å"We can never be sure that the opinion we are endeavouring to stifle is a false opinion; and if we were sure, stifling it would be an evil still (76-77).† Further, Mills would argue that the opinion regarding cigarettes couldn’t be suppressed anyway because others’ opinions around the world would exist.Cigarette advertising would be viewed rather positively. The advertising would pose a forum to discuss the benefits and risks – whether physical, mental or spiritual. The reason would be many areas of argument would be heard, and out of this an ability to judge for one’s own self would become evident. As further proof and evidence would become clear, the benefits and risks would also become clear. The individual then would be able to decide ultimately for himself.As it is known the health effects of cigarette consumption, Mills would impose a tax based upon utility. That is, cigarette consumption is used by some. Since some derive some benefit from cigarettes  they should be allowed to do so. Indeed, Mills would view the attempt to prevent an individual from whether to choose to consume cigarettes, even with the health risks explained as an attempt to prevent the ability to choose. Mills would take into account these health risks and place a tax on the product. This tax in turn could further the education about cigarette consumption and quite possibly be put to further the research into cigarettes.The health issue of cigarettes would provide a great forum for debate because through debate the raw essence of truth would surface. The raw truth, not society’s truth, your neighbor’s truth or another form of spoon-fed truth, but the raw truth would reveal itself. It is this raw proof through debate that Mills would have humanity embrace. It is through the, â€Å"†¦ Complete liberty of contradicting and disproving our opinion, is the very condition which justifies us in assuming its truth for purposes of action; and on no other means can a being with human faculties have any rational assurance of being right (79).†Mills would state further that the validity of health issues associated with cigarette consumption would stand the test of time. That is regardless of who said what, evidence to support the health risks associated with cigarette consumption would be consistent regardless of who wants to test the validity. The testers would find the same evidence and would come to the same conclusions. There would be no reason to inflict one’s will to assume the truth. The government would not need to intervene because the individual would be aware and educated to what the benefits or risks of cigarettes and cigarette advertising.Mills would also justify that if cigarettes were advertised and sold to minors or those who are not yet old enough to form an opinion that the sellers of cigarettes would be punished under the law. The reason is t hat he would view this as a form of slavery – slavery or imprisonment of one’s ability to be properly educated and the ability to freely choose. Mills would argue those minors or those not yet old enough or have sufficient maturity are not quite capable of making a strong mental decision.Therefore, the cigarette manufacturers’ and their advertisers would be in violation of not disclosing what they know, that is the associated health risks of cigarettes.  Mills would also view those who consumed cigarettes in the presence of others who didn’t consume cigarettes equally unjustifiable. Mills would state that the happiness of the individual who did not consume cigarettes as being infringed upon and his ability to choose whether to be around another individual and knowing or not knowing the consequences of such action would not nullify the existence of those actions and thus infringe upon that individuals ability to remove himself from possible health risks. Mills would further argue because another individual inflicted harm upon another then certain fines or other punishment would be enforced. This would also involve cigarette manufacturers and their advertisers. Mills would include fine, imprisonment or other penalties if those parties did not disclose information that they had available that was relevant and affected the individual.Mills methodical approach would be applied to every situation. He would ask the same questions regarding any problem. As applied to cigarette advertising Mills would ask, ‘Who does this affect?’ If this affects individuals negatively, he would say, â€Å"This is bad for the good of individuals so the cigarette advertisers should be fined or imprisoned because they are harming others (119).†If cigarette advertisers were to publicly announce that cigarettes are horrible and pose numerous health risks and the individual still chose to consume cigarettes, then that is the individuals choice and society should not intervene The reason is simple: the individual armed with the knowledge that cigarette consumption poses health risks and is dangerous and still continues to pursue this task, then that individual has been warned. Since that individual has been warned they take and assume all responsibility for their actions.Mills’ logic would not stop there. Mills would require that the individual who consumes cigarettes, as a result of cigarette advertising, be truly and wholeheartedly aware of what consequences this course of action may bring. Further, if those individuals were not mature or mentally aware, fines  or imprisonment against cigarette advertisers’ and their manufacturers would be at the core of justifiable punishment.Mills was concerned with the ability of the individual to choose. If the individual was not able to choose regardless of whether that choice was considered wrong then that individual’s liberty would be taken away. As such, s ociety would impress upon the individual its choice and deny that individual any means of exploring that option for themselves.At heart of this ability to choose is necessary debate. Debate and intellectual discussion at its core would disclose assumptions and get at raw truth. The truth has to be, â€Å"†¦fully, frequently, and fearlessly discussed (96-97).† Or else it would not be,†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ a living truth (97).†No one from society to other individuals including the individuals themselves should impose any thought or action that would deprive them of their freedom. Freedom in the sense that the â€Å"†¦individual can pursue their own good in their own way (71-72)†, and not â€Å"†¦attempt to deprive others of theirs, or impede their efforts to obtain it (71-72).†Mills would view cigarette advertising from all positions. It would not be sufficient to just argue on point and then conclude that to be the truth. Mills would argue that if c igarette advertisers and their manufacturers did not disclose any relevant risks associated with the consumption of cigarettes then they should face penalties because those agencies would be denying individuals necessary information that affects their well-being.Mills also would view any issue of health as a matter of disclosure. Inevitably some individuals would say they benefit from cigarette consumption. Mills would say those individuals are willing to take the risks and also say they benefit from cigarettes. Society should not impose any restrictions on their ability to choose. However, since cigarettes and cigarette advertising have health risks, they needto be taxed. Taxation would not be viewed as a prohibitive measure on an individual’s ability to choose rather as a means to ensure that those who manufacturer and advertise cigarettes understand their role in providing the individual with proper disclosure. Payment through taxation would be a means to accomplish this t ask.Utilitarianism is considered at every step of the decision making process. Utilitarianism would not be viewed as a separate thought process or as a separate means at arriving at a decision. Utilitarianism would state that the taxation imposed upon cigarettes is not prohibitive to the individual. Rather it is prohibitive to the manufacturer in that it forces them to disclose the health risks or face further penalties outside of taxation.Regardless of the argument presented – if cigarette advertising is wrong, it wouldn’t only be a matter of free speech, a health issue or would utility help in explaining, Mills would state that it is the argument that enables the truth to be told. It is with constant debate that this truth would finally be realized.Not the truth as we would want it, imagine it, think it or have it told to us; pure truth. It is the freedom to be able to discuss that truth, to be able to think through the steps to arrive at that truth, and the ability after the truth is found not to enforce that truth on anyone unless that individual intended to harm another with that truth. It is with this truth that we as human beings can be better and achieve great things.Works CitedMill, J.S. On Liberty. London: Penguin Books Ltd., 1974.

The Difference Between Revising and Editing

The Difference Between Revising and Editing Just when you thought you were done writing your paper, you realize you still need to revise and edit. But what does that mean? The two are easy to confuse, but it is important for students to understand the difference.   Revision starts once you have a finished first draft of your paper. As you reread what you have written, you might notice a few places where the wording does not seem to flow quite as well as the rest of your work. You may decide to change a few words or add a sentence or two. Work through your arguments and make sure you have evidence to back them up. This is also the time to make sure you have established a thesis and have kept your focus on that throughout your paper.   Helpful Tips for Revision Give yourself time between writing the first draft and looking at it again for revision. A few hours can give you enough time to see it with fresh eyes that are more likely to spot trouble areas.Read your paper out loud. Sometimes speaking the words helps you get a better feel for the flow of a paper.Do not worry about the editing yet. Get the big ideas down and leave the detailing for later.Make sure your paper is organized in a logical way. Make your thesis statement and follow it up with arguments, quotes, and evidence in a way that makes your purpose clear. Editing your paper happens once you have a draft you are confident in as a whole. In this process, you are going to look for the details that may have slipped by you during the writing process. Spelling errors are often caught by spellcheck, but do not trust this tool  to catch everything. Word usage is also a common problem to catch in editing. Is there a word you use repetitively? Or did you write there when you meant their? Details like this seem small on an individual basis, but as they pile up they can distract your reader.   Things to Look for When Editing Look for spelling and capitalization errors that your editing software may have missed.Punctuation can make a big impact on how your paper flows. It creates a rhythm that can completely make or break a paper.Fact-check yourself. Did you cite your quotes and sources properly?Don’t be afraid to let a friend or colleague look at it with unfamiliar eyes. Sometimes you know your material so well that your brain automatically fills in blanks or sees what you meant, rather than what you said. Someone seeing the work for the first time might catch things you didn’t. Once you get into the habit of revising and editing, it becomes a little easier. You begin to recognize your own style and voice, and even learn the mistakes  you are most susceptible to. You may know the difference between there, their, and they’re but sometimes your fingers type faster than you can think and mistakes happen. After a few papers, the process will happen more naturally.

Free Essays on Scott Vs Stanford

The Dredd Scott Decision INTRODUCTION United States Supreme Court case Scott v. Sanford (1857), commonly known as the Dred Scott Case, is probably the most famous case of the nineteenth century (with the exception possibly of Marbury v. Madison). It is one of only four cases in U. S. history that has ever been overturned by a Constitutional amendment (overturned by the 13th and 14th Amendments). It is also, along with Marbury, one of only two cases prior to the Civil War that declared a federal law unconstitutional. This case may have also been one of the most, if not the most, controversial case in American history, due simply to the fact that it dealt an explosive opinion on an issue already prepared to erupt - slavery. Thus, many scholars assert that the Dred Scott case may have almost single-handedly ignited the ever growing slavery issue into violence, culminating ultimately into the American Civil War. It effectively brought many aboliti onists and anti-slavery proponents, particularly in the Nor! th, "over the edge". BACKGROUND Dred Scott was a slave born in Virginia who early in life moved with his owner to St. Louis, Missouri. At this time, due to the Missouri Compromise of 1820, Missouri was added as a slave state, but no state may allow slavery if that state falls above the 36 degree 30 minute latitudinal line. Later, in 1854 under the Kansas-Nebraska Act, states were allowed to vote on whether they will allow slavery or not, known commonly as popular sovereignty. In St. Louis, Scott was sold to an army surgeon named Dr. John Emerson in 1833. A year later, Emerson, on a tour of duty, took Scott, his slave, to Illinois, a free state. In 1836, Emerson's military career then took the both of them to the free Wisconsin territory known today as Minnesota. Both of these states, it is important to recognize, where both free states and both above the 36 degree 30 m... Free Essays on Scott Vs Stanford Free Essays on Scott Vs Stanford The Dredd Scott Decision INTRODUCTION United States Supreme Court case Scott v. Sanford (1857), commonly known as the Dred Scott Case, is probably the most famous case of the nineteenth century (with the exception possibly of Marbury v. Madison). It is one of only four cases in U. S. history that has ever been overturned by a Constitutional amendment (overturned by the 13th and 14th Amendments). It is also, along with Marbury, one of only two cases prior to the Civil War that declared a federal law unconstitutional. This case may have also been one of the most, if not the most, controversial case in American history, due simply to the fact that it dealt an explosive opinion on an issue already prepared to erupt - slavery. Thus, many scholars assert that the Dred Scott case may have almost single-handedly ignited the ever growing slavery issue into violence, culminating ultimately into the American Civil War. It effectively brought many aboliti onists and anti-slavery proponents, particularly in the Nor! th, "over the edge". BACKGROUND Dred Scott was a slave born in Virginia who early in life moved with his owner to St. Louis, Missouri. At this time, due to the Missouri Compromise of 1820, Missouri was added as a slave state, but no state may allow slavery if that state falls above the 36 degree 30 minute latitudinal line. Later, in 1854 under the Kansas-Nebraska Act, states were allowed to vote on whether they will allow slavery or not, known commonly as popular sovereignty. In St. Louis, Scott was sold to an army surgeon named Dr. John Emerson in 1833. A year later, Emerson, on a tour of duty, took Scott, his slave, to Illinois, a free state. In 1836, Emerson's military career then took the both of them to the free Wisconsin territory known today as Minnesota. Both of these states, it is important to recognize, where both free states and both above the 36 degree 30 m...

1st Triumvirate Timeline

1st Triumvirate Timeline Roman Republic Timeline:Â  First Triumvirate Timeline This 1st Triumvirate timeline fits within the End of the Republic time frame. The word triumvirate comes from the Latin for three and man and so refers to a 3-man power structure. The Roman Republican power structure was not normally a triumvirate. There was a 2-man monarchical element known as the consulship. The two consuls were elected annually. They were the top figures in the political hierarchy. Sometimes a single dictator was put in charge of Rome instead of the consuls. The dictator was supposed to last for a short period, but in the later years of the Republic, dictators were becoming more tyrannical and less amenable to leaving their position of power. The first triumvirate was an unofficial coalition with the two consuls plus one, Julius Caesar. Year Events 83 Sulla supported by Pompey. Second Mithridatic War 82 Civil War in Italy. See Social War. Sulla wins at Colline Gate. Pompey wins in Sicily. Sulla orders Murena to stop the war against Mithridates. 81 Sulla dictator. Pompey defeats Marians in Africa. Sertorius is driven from Spain. 80 Sulla consul. Sertorius returns to Spain. 79 Sulla resigns dictatorship. Sertorius beats Metellus Pius in Spain. 78 Sulla dies. P. Servilius campaigns against pirates. 77 Perperna joins Sertorius. Catulus and Pompey defeat Lepidus. Pompey appointed to oppose Sertorius. (See Pennell Chapter XXVI. Sertorius.) 76 Sertorius prevails against Metellus and Pompey. 75 Cicero quaestor in Sicily. 75-4 Nicomedes wills Bithynia to Rome. (See Asia Minor Map.) 74 Mark Anthony is given a command to take care of the pirates. Mithridates invades Bithynia. (See Asia Minor Map.) sent to deal with it. 73 Sparticus uprising. 72 Perperna assassinates Sertorius. Pompey defeats Perperna and settles Spain. Lucullus fights Mithridates in Pontus. Mark Anthony loses to Cretan pirates. 71 defeats Spartacus. Pompey returns from Spain. 70 Crassus and Pompey consuls 69 Lucullus invades Armenia 68 Mithridates returns to Pontus. 67 Lex Gabinia gives Pompey command to take rid the Mediterranean of the pirates. 66 Lex Manilia grants Pompey command against Mithridates. Pompey defeats him. First Catilinarian Conspiracy. 65 Crassus is made censor. Pompey in the Caucasus. 64 Pompey in Syria 63 Caesar elected Pontifex Maximus. Conspiracy of Catiline and execution of conspirators. Pompey in Damascus and Jerusalem. Mithridates dies. 62 Death of Catiline. Clodius defiles the Bona Dea. Pompey settles the East and makes Syria a Roman province. 61 Pompeys triumph. Clodius trial. Caesar is governor of Further Spain. The Allobroges revolt and the Aedui appeal to Rome. 60 Julius Caesar returns from Spain. Forms First Triumvirate with Pompey and Crassus. See also:: List of Consuls During the PeriodCaesar Timeline for other events in the life of Gaius Julius CaesarCaesar and the First Triumvirate Article

None Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

None - Case Study Example Races were fighting against one another, and African Americans seemed to be struggling for their rights everywhere they turned. It was a different time in America than today, and King’s speech reflected that. Similarly, Obama speech in Cairo was given with the same hopes and dreams that are still topical in our time. Even today, the world is divided by religious strife and tension. Obama’s hope when delivering this speech in Egypt was to express his sincere desire to eliminate this ugly period from the world’s history and to have all religions and people live in peace with one another. So, we have two speeches but one vision and dream. Three quotes that stand out in King’s speech begin with the statement â€Å"One hundred years later, the Negro still is not free†. This sets the tone for his remarks and gives the reason for the necessity of the speech. Furthermore, he mentions that â€Å"now is the time to make real the promises of democracy† (â€Å"Martin Luther King Jr. – I Have A Dream†). He is imploring Americans to not sit idly by and wait for change to happen. He says, rightfully so, that it must happen now. So, finally, the quote that is most memorable to this student is â€Å"I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: All men are created equal† (â€Å"Martin Luther King Jr. – I Have A Dream†). This is a call to action and one that was heeded by millions across the country. Obama’s speech had a similar tone to King’s. He stated the problem directly with his quote, â€Å"We meet at a time of great tension between the United States and Muslims around the world† (â€Å"Remarks by the President on a New Beginning†). He was genuine in his desire to set the record straight and to work on ways that the two parts of the world could begin to live more peacefully together. Another significant quote in this speech is when Obama

Quantitive methods Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Quantitive methods - Assignment Example We shall first conduct an informal graphical analysis to get a feel for what to expect and then move on to formal tests for stationarity. We start by looking at the time plots of the two given series. Figure 2: share price of Korean Airlines Figures 1 and 2 present the time plots. Evidently, both series exhibit a gradually rising trend and some moderate persistence properties. This reflects that neither of the series are stationary. They also seem to reflect similar patterns of persistent volatility. Now, we turn to look at the first differences of the two series. Figure 3: The Korean Stock Exchange stock price index in first differences Figure 4: price of Korean Airlines in first differences. From figures 3 and 4, we find that neither series exhibits any patterns or trends. They seem to fluctuate randomly around zero. Thus, both the series of 1st differences seem to be stationary around a zero mean. Thus our preliminary graphical analysis reflects that both the series are integrated of the first order. Formally to evaluate the validity of these claims, we run Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) tests on the levels and the 1st differences of the two series. ... Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test Equation Dependent Variable: D(LKO) Method: Least Squares Date: 04/09/12 Time: 13:53 Sample (adjusted): 1/08/1997 12/14/2011 Included observations: 780 after adjustments Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.  Ã‚   LKO(-1) -0.003394 0.003258 -1.041768 0.2978 C 0.024682 0.022454 1.099231 0.2720 R-squared 0.001393   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mean dependent var 0.001348 Adjusted R-squared 0.000109   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  S.D. dependent var 0.044155 S.E. of regression 0.044152   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Akaike info criterion -3.399783 Sum squared resid 1.516653   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Schwarz criterion -3.387836 Log likelihood 1327.915   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hannan-Quinn criter. -3.395188 F-statistic 1.085281   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Durbin-Watson stat 2.039111 Prob(F-statistic) 0.297843 Table 1 above presents the results of running an ADF test on the lko series. The choice of optimal lag is automatic based on the Schwarz information criterion or SIC. Note that the null hypothesis is that the series has a uni t root. The relevant portions have been highlighted for convenience. The t-statistic is smaller in absolute terms compared to the critical value, and the associated p-value is 0.74>0.05. Therefore, we fail to reject the null hypothesis. Thus, this implies that the series of levels of the lko is non-stationary. Now, we take first differences of the series and test its stationarity properties. This is done in table 2. Table 2: testing stationarity of the 1st differences of lko Null Hypothesis: D(LKO) has a unit root Exogenous: Constant Lag Length: 0 (Automatic based on SIC, MAXLAG=20) t-Statistic   Ã‚  Prob.* Augmented Dickey-Fuller test statistic -28.52751   0.0000 Test critical values: 1% level -3.438518 5% level -2.865035 10% level -2.568686 *MacKinnon (1996) one-sided p-values. Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test Equation Dependent

Applied Analysis of the Carbon Price Mechanism in Australia Essay - 1

Applied Analysis of the Carbon Price Mechanism in Australia - Essay Example 2. Increase in cost of traditional energy sources on the energy consumption pattern of Australian household. 3. Impact of increased cash payment on household budget, energy consumption and economic wellbeing. The following section deals with the analysis of the policy implications. Brief review on carbon price mechanism Australia being the hottest and the driest continent on earth has been exposed to drastic changes in the climatic conditions more than any other OECD countries. The excessive temperature variations had affected the country’s agriculture which in turn had effected the food production in the country. Although a meagre amount of green house gases are emitted by the country in contrast to the worldwide share but the intensity of emission is high in terms of per capita GDP. This is largely due to the heavy dependence on the electricity sector which accounts for one third of the country’s emission. In order to rectify the problem of climate change, government ratified Kyoto Protocol in the year 2007.It is expected that the total emission of green house gases will be reduced below 60% by 2020 1 In order to meet this target, government has planned to go for carbon price mechanism. The objective of such a mechanism is to make the dirty energy expensive and the cleaner energy attractive. The big polluters are required to pay on the basis of every tonne of pollutant emitted by them. The mechanism is subject to commencement from July 2012.There will be a fixed price for carbon in the first three years such as $23(1st year), $24.15 (2nd year) and $25.40(3rd year).The fixed price has been devised in order to avoid price shocks. The floor price in the first three years will be AUD15 and the ceiling price has been set at AUD20 which will be above market price. This will be done to ensure greater predictability of price .The presence of floor price also ensures the investors that the price will not fall beyond a certain level. The scheme is expecte d to cover over 60% of Australia’s green house gas emission. However forestry and agriculture are excluded from the scheme. Free permits will be allocated to emission prone industries that are involved in international trade2 Flexible price mechanism will be introduced from 2015, during which carbon price will be evaluated through Emission Trading Scheme. Revenue generated via selling the carbon permits will be utilised in investing to cleaner energy activities. It is also decided that various mechanisms will be used to provide assistance to a number of sectors3. Technically the carbon price mechanism is not a tax. In a paper presented by Antonio Cornwell and John Creedy, it has been cited that a tax on carbon emission will eventually affect fossil fuel prices and hence the consumer prices. Such a price change will then lead to alterations in the levels of final demand, use of fossil fuel and overall carbon dioxide emission4. An important element of this mechanism is to estab lish a system that would govern the dynamics of carbon price within the nation as well as achieve the goal of long term reduction in emission of green house gases. The major thing that concerns the most is the impact of such price mechanism on the households. It has therefore been proposed that the households will be taken care of by revising the family payments, welfare and income tax scenario. Individuals with a family income of AUD65000, will be given a tax

Week 3 Discussion Post Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 3 Discussion Post - Assignment Example Marginalization refers to the relegation of people or societies to the fringe preventing meaningful participation (Faizi 29). The examples of marginalized people are many. I have seen many homeless people spending their lives in subways or under some bridge, and their presence always conjures the concept of marginalization. Governments and social care offices have excluded these people; that is what I feel when I see them. Artists need space, and this demand drives them to work and live in marginalized regions. However, other factors motivate artists to marginalize themselves. Some of the factors are pragmatic while others are philosophical. The overriding reason, though, is that artists see assets, possibility, opportunity, and potential for conversion where other people see deficiency and blight (Jackson 5). Cities that are highly connected provide accessibility. One can hop from a bus to another means of transport say an electric train making movement easy. Accessibility invokes feelings of belonging, and it empowers men, women, and young people alike. They can take part in various things that are of economic and social value. Accessibility and empowerment create conditions that conjure self-reliance, confidence, and capacity to make strategic choices in

Applied Analysis of the Carbon Price Mechanism in Australia Essay - 1

Applied Analysis of the Carbon Price Mechanism in Australia - Essay Example 2. Increase in cost of traditional energy sources on the energy consumption pattern of Australian household. 3. Impact of increased cash payment on household budget, energy consumption and economic wellbeing. The following section deals with the analysis of the policy implications. Brief review on carbon price mechanism Australia being the hottest and the driest continent on earth has been exposed to drastic changes in the climatic conditions more than any other OECD countries. The excessive temperature variations had affected the country’s agriculture which in turn had effected the food production in the country. Although a meagre amount of green house gases are emitted by the country in contrast to the worldwide share but the intensity of emission is high in terms of per capita GDP. This is largely due to the heavy dependence on the electricity sector which accounts for one third of the country’s emission. In order to rectify the problem of climate change, government ratified Kyoto Protocol in the year 2007.It is expected that the total emission of green house gases will be reduced below 60% by 2020 1 In order to meet this target, government has planned to go for carbon price mechanism. The objective of such a mechanism is to make the dirty energy expensive and the cleaner energy attractive. The big polluters are required to pay on the basis of every tonne of pollutant emitted by them. The mechanism is subject to commencement from July 2012.There will be a fixed price for carbon in the first three years such as $23(1st year), $24.15 (2nd year) and $25.40(3rd year).The fixed price has been devised in order to avoid price shocks. The floor price in the first three years will be AUD15 and the ceiling price has been set at AUD20 which will be above market price. This will be done to ensure greater predictability of price .The presence of floor price also ensures the investors that the price will not fall beyond a certain level. The scheme is expecte d to cover over 60% of Australia’s green house gas emission. However forestry and agriculture are excluded from the scheme. Free permits will be allocated to emission prone industries that are involved in international trade2 Flexible price mechanism will be introduced from 2015, during which carbon price will be evaluated through Emission Trading Scheme. Revenue generated via selling the carbon permits will be utilised in investing to cleaner energy activities. It is also decided that various mechanisms will be used to provide assistance to a number of sectors3. Technically the carbon price mechanism is not a tax. In a paper presented by Antonio Cornwell and John Creedy, it has been cited that a tax on carbon emission will eventually affect fossil fuel prices and hence the consumer prices. Such a price change will then lead to alterations in the levels of final demand, use of fossil fuel and overall carbon dioxide emission4. An important element of this mechanism is to estab lish a system that would govern the dynamics of carbon price within the nation as well as achieve the goal of long term reduction in emission of green house gases. The major thing that concerns the most is the impact of such price mechanism on the households. It has therefore been proposed that the households will be taken care of by revising the family payments, welfare and income tax scenario. Individuals with a family income of AUD65000, will be given a tax

Why I Want To Be A Nurse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why I Want To Be A Nurse - Essay Example When facing difficult illnesses or generic hospitalization for infirmities, the patient will often express himself or herself in relation to problems they perceive in treatment or health concerns. The nurse must use active listening to understand the catalysts and rationale of the problem, offering explanations to try to address these problems with psychological, social, cultural or even spiritual discussion (Campinha-Bacote, 2011). The patient, in this situation, is looking for advocacy from the nursing professional as they are often the most visible and routine figure available as it is associated with quality patient care. Through the patient-centered approach, the nursing professional is able to instill a sense of security with the patient, one of the most fundamental motivators related to emotional needs (Craven, Hirnle & Jensen, 2013). Security needs include not only fundamental shelter; it includes a need to feel free of health burdens and feeling free from danger (Craven et a l, 2013). This is why nursing has always been an attractive career path, as the potential positive benefits of meeting patient needs secures my own fundamental needs for caring, assistance, and protecting general human welfare. The patient-centered approach provides the nurse the ability to secure a sense of well-being in the patient, which can further assist in creating self-esteem for those who desperately need to be respected and supported while coping with difficult health issues. My own needs related to the intrinsic fulfillment associated with social compassion and social empathy can be fulfilled through nursing as it provides a direct outlet for self-fulfillment and, in many ways, self-actualization as it relates to career goals. Being an advocate for someone in need is personally rewarding and the thoughtful considerations that a person who has been assisted offers post-advocacy are personally gratifying. Since

Week 3 Discussion Post Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 3 Discussion Post - Assignment Example Marginalization refers to the relegation of people or societies to the fringe preventing meaningful participation (Faizi 29). The examples of marginalized people are many. I have seen many homeless people spending their lives in subways or under some bridge, and their presence always conjures the concept of marginalization. Governments and social care offices have excluded these people; that is what I feel when I see them. Artists need space, and this demand drives them to work and live in marginalized regions. However, other factors motivate artists to marginalize themselves. Some of the factors are pragmatic while others are philosophical. The overriding reason, though, is that artists see assets, possibility, opportunity, and potential for conversion where other people see deficiency and blight (Jackson 5). Cities that are highly connected provide accessibility. One can hop from a bus to another means of transport say an electric train making movement easy. Accessibility invokes feelings of belonging, and it empowers men, women, and young people alike. They can take part in various things that are of economic and social value. Accessibility and empowerment create conditions that conjure self-reliance, confidence, and capacity to make strategic choices in

Why I Want To Be A Nurse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why I Want To Be A Nurse - Essay Example When facing difficult illnesses or generic hospitalization for infirmities, the patient will often express himself or herself in relation to problems they perceive in treatment or health concerns. The nurse must use active listening to understand the catalysts and rationale of the problem, offering explanations to try to address these problems with psychological, social, cultural or even spiritual discussion (Campinha-Bacote, 2011). The patient, in this situation, is looking for advocacy from the nursing professional as they are often the most visible and routine figure available as it is associated with quality patient care. Through the patient-centered approach, the nursing professional is able to instill a sense of security with the patient, one of the most fundamental motivators related to emotional needs (Craven, Hirnle & Jensen, 2013). Security needs include not only fundamental shelter; it includes a need to feel free of health burdens and feeling free from danger (Craven et a l, 2013). This is why nursing has always been an attractive career path, as the potential positive benefits of meeting patient needs secures my own fundamental needs for caring, assistance, and protecting general human welfare. The patient-centered approach provides the nurse the ability to secure a sense of well-being in the patient, which can further assist in creating self-esteem for those who desperately need to be respected and supported while coping with difficult health issues. My own needs related to the intrinsic fulfillment associated with social compassion and social empathy can be fulfilled through nursing as it provides a direct outlet for self-fulfillment and, in many ways, self-actualization as it relates to career goals. Being an advocate for someone in need is personally rewarding and the thoughtful considerations that a person who has been assisted offers post-advocacy are personally gratifying. Since

All Stressed Out Essay Example for Free

All Stressed Out Essay This activity examines the way that psychologists conceptualize stress, emphasizing that stress is a biopsycho-social process. You will explore the sources of stress in your own life, review your body’s response to stress, and then learn how cognitive appraisal dramatically affects how much stress you actually experience. Checking the Level of Stress in Your Life †¢ What was your â€Å"Stress Test† score? _______30_____ †¢ Do you think that such a test accurately captures your experience? What other stressors should be included? I do not feel that it rates high enough on some aspects that are heavily weighing on a person’s chest. I think they should add an area for personal responsibilities and problems with children. Stress, Stressors, and Coping †¢ Psychologists differentiate stressors, strain, and stress. What does each of these terms mean? Stressors- an external event, situation, or other demand that triggers coping adjustments in a person. Strain- the outcome of stress such as loss of sleep, headaches, and lack of concentration. Stress- the process by which we perceive and respond to a certain event that we appraise as threatening or challenging. The General Adaptation Syndrome †¢ Describe Selye’s general adaptation syndrome. When something occurs that takes your body away from its original homeostasis state, into fear or rage, and then into exhaustion. The Biology of Stress †¢ Although both men and women experience the fight-or-flight syndrome, some scientists argue that women also can experience stress differently (tend-and-befriend). Briefly explain this hypothesis. This is because natural selection developed stress relieves differently as they grow of different ways and situations. †¢ Can you think of why this alleged gender difference in fight-or-flight and tend-and-befriend may â€Å"make sense† from an evolutionary perspective? Because natural selectionwas developed in ways that the fittest was more successful than the weaker people. †¢ Outline the body’s two-part endocrine response to stress. Hypothalamic, pituatary adrenocortical system is a delayed response that function to restore body to normal, and the Cortisol which affect glucose metabolism. Stress Harms Your Body’s Organ Systems †¢ List the effects of stress on: o the heart: Raise the heart pressure o the digestive tract: Reduction in enzyme digestions in blood flow. o the brain: It can damage the neurons involved in learning and in memory, hypocampus is smaller in stressed patients. Cognitive Appraisal The Filter Through Which Stressors Are Processed †¢ According to the transactional model, what triggers the process of stress? By considering it as a transaction in which each person makes continual adjustments to everyday circumstances. It is triggers when we exceed the ability to cope with all our problems in life.

A Critical Analysis Of The Oslo Peace Accord Politics Essay

A Critical Analysis Of The Oslo Peace Accord Politics Essay Account for the success and the failure of the Oslo peace accord. This essay will discuss the ongoing attempts of getting a peace agreement between the Palestinians and Israel. The essay will also examine the 1993 Oslo Accords that started the peace process. It will also highlight a brief history of the two nations involved, that brought about the signing the historic Oslo Accords. Also, get some finding after the signing, whether it has encountered any obstacles on its way, and finally made an account of it success and failure. The Palestinians did not feel comfortable, after the Six Day War in 1967, they had planned to crush Israel with the help other armies from Jordan, Egypt, etc. The plan did not work and only did the Palestinians loss the war but it was more than a war. The West Bank and Gaza Strip was now under control of Israel. The creation of the Palestinian Liberation Organisation (PLO) came in earlier years, under the leadership of Yasir Arafat their motive was political and a paramilitary organisation of Palestinian Arabs. It dedicated to establishing independent for the Palestinians state, around the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea and by so doing, their intention was to replace Israel. Some groups within the organisation have not been in agreement with the redefinition of it mandate not to conquer only the Gaza Strip and West Bank but also Israel. Nevertheless, despite the numerous changes in government that has taken place in the 1980s and the 1990s in Israel, all with different political agenda and ideologies, they all seen to be sinking for peace for national development. However, The Labor government elected in July 1992 froze new construction in the West Bank including many of the units that Sharons office had in the pipeline. The Likud government that returned to power in 1996 thawed freeze, but with the comeback to power of Labor in June 1999 and the resumption of the peace talk with the Palestinians, construction for Israelis in the West Bank was no longer a government priority. (Alterman, 2002). In 1992 when the Israels election campaign was at its pick, Terje Larsen, a Norwegian sociologist and the head of an Oslo-based institute of Applied Social Sciences, known as FAFO in Norwegian acronym, Terje was also the main architects of the Oslo agreement. Larsen met with Yossi Beilin who was a member of the opposition Labor in the Israeli Knesset. Both men met and voiced out their doubt if whether the progress could be made in Washington talks on peace between the Israel and Palestinians from the West Bank and Gaza. (BEILIN, 1999). Beilin was to belief Larsen about the having direct talks between the PLO and Israel will be necessary for any peace, therefore suggested that he talk to Yair Hirschfeld, a senior lecturer on Middle East affairs at university of Haifa. Hirschfeld had express interest in the economic and social-political aspect of the conflict that Larsen was exploring. Larsen on the other was of the believed that, there was the need for the Israeli has to talk to the PLO. However, Israel law banned contact with the PLO officials. Nevertheless, due to the ban, there was the need to fine another means and therefore Larsen suggested a creation of backchannel all the parties involve, including Faisal Husseini of East Jerusalem a prominent member of the PLO. However Husseini was involve in the Washington negotiations because the Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir due to him been a resident of East Jerusalem and his participation will amount to any Israeli concession in the near future of the status of Israels capital. After all the negotiations, limitation and the discussion the 13 September 1993-the day the Declaration of Palestinians (DOP), was sign at the South Lawn of the White House with the US President Bill Clinton as the master of the ceremony, hosting the representatives of the states of Israel and the Palestinian Liberation Organisation(PLO). The signing sealed with a historic handshake between the Israeli and Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and the Palestinian Liberation Organisation (PLO) chairman Yasir Arafat, it became one of the momentous events of the twentieth-century history of the Middle East. The two leaders redrew a geopolitical map of the whole region. Although the DOP was signed in Washington under the direction of the UN president, all the background woks, negotiation has been in Oslo and initialled the Oslo Accord in late August. Therefore, a more propitiate name than naming it the Washington Accord. The accord itself was in two parts, the first was a mutual recognition betwe en the Israel and the PLO, and it took a form of simple letters, on plain paper with no letterheads, dated on the 9 and 10 September sign by the two leaders. The second part was the Declaration of Principles on the Interim Self-Government Arrangements, in the occupied territories. The Oslo Accord was not a peace deal but a peace process. Under the DOP arrangement there were set of agreement that both parties needed to for fill in the order to come to a peace accord, (Shlaim, 1994). The demands (Palestinians) Independent Palestinians states, states the Palestinians can call their own, Palestinians also wanted lands Israel took in the 6 days war. The Palestinians also wanted Jerusalem as the capital. Return of Palestinians Refugees and the removal of all Jewish Settlements. The Palestinians demands were threat to Israel but there was need for Israel to accept them. However, before all this demand to meet there needed to be true scenes of trust between the two leaders and the Oslo Accord was design for that. Israel commitments: Israeli agreed to accept the PLO not as a terrorist organisation but as legal body under the new name of Palestinian Authority (P.A), it also was ready to transfer lands to the PA. Israelis were committed to educating its people for peace and prepares them for the Palestinians next door. The creation of a P.A. police force of up 10,000, with no provision for terrorist and the Israelis were to supply arms to the P.A. to police their own people and to destroy terror. (Makovssky, 1996). For peace to become successful, the P.L.O was to give some commitment too, and some of the commitments made were: To end all kind of terror activities, they also agreed to recognise Israels right to exist by amending the P.L.O national charter, which call for the destruction of all of Israel. The P.A. made a commitment to destroy all terror groups and size all weapons and to protect all Jewish Holy sites that falls under the PA control, all feature negotiation will be by diplomacy and never again, to go back to terror and it final commitment was to educate for peace. However, Israels commitment to Oslo was so great that it began to talk peace all over, in all levels in schools and it was ready to deal with anyone who will disagree to perching peace. Despite all the effort for peace not all Israelis were convinced, and there were shock when terror came in 1995 when Jewish militant assassinated Yitzhak Rabin. Nevertheless, the success of the Israeli support for peace education was seen as 28% were in support of creating a Palestinians states before Oslo because of security threat, and in the years following Oslo, it went up 51%. Israel had met part of its commitment in Oslo agreement. However, there were still acts of terror from the side of the Palestinians and more than the years before Oslo. The P.A. did not violate it main commitment of ending terror, but all of the commitment made at the signing since the terror groups like Hamas were still operate under the watchful eyes of the P.A. The Holy Site was not protected by the Palestinians received land but Israel did not receive peace. There are no clear words of success to the Oslo Accord, only that Israel was committed to the accord by complying with its parts of the commitment made, moreover, on the other hand of the accord the Palestinians were probably not ready for peace and so did not comply with the commitment it made. However, there are more to say on its failure than one can image, according to Pundak in a 2001 publication by the Institute of Strategic Studies. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Netanyahu sabotaged the peace process relentlessly, and made every effort to de-legitimise his Palestinian partners. His main weapon in his campaign against the Palestinians was the mantra that the Palestinians were not fulfilling its part of the agreements; and therefore Israel would not implement its part. In truth, during Netanyahus government, both sides committed breaches with regard to the agreement à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ But the Israeli breaches were more numerous and more substantive in nature. The goals between the two states involve were incompatible with each other existence as few people to lived in peace. A peace agreement out of the balance meant failure was investable.

Critical Review of Two Articles with the Concept of Interpellation Essa

When creating the title for their book, which is dedicated to Stuart Hall, perhaps Paul Gilroy, Lawrence Grossberg and Angela McRobbie did not know that they not only found an exact citation to summarise all the works of this influencing cultural theorists, but also proposed the best phrase to describe Cultural Studies, that is "without guarantee". Indeed, Cultural Studies devotes itself to questioning knowledge "guaranteed" to be true in society and more important, to continuously raising debates as its fundamental method to avoid any "guaranteed" answer. As a central concept of Cultural Studies, "interpellation" precisely reflects those features. First proposed by Louis Althusser in his essay "Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses (Notes Towards an Investigation)" (1971), "interpellation" was defined as a process through which concrete individuals are addressed by ideology and then are produced as subjects. Since Althusser referred to churches, schools, family, communications , to name only a few, as a set of institutions practicing this function of ideology, he challenged social norms which seem to "naturally" come to us from those familiar environments. Although the concept has opened a new epoch in the research of identity, it has still subjected to several critical discussions for further developments. Through their selected works below, Mladen Dolar and John Law contributes to those debates two points of view on the ways in which interpellation is operated within our society and within each individual. The essay "Beyond Interpellation" (1993) of Mladen Dolar is largely based on his obsession of "a clean cut which can be followed on different levels" (p.75) existing in Althusserian theory. Dolar (1993) recognises this ... ... 6(2), pp.75-96. Foucault, M., 1972. The Archeology of Knowledge. New York: Pantheon. Hall, S., 1981. "The Whites of Their Eyes: Racist Ideologies and the Media". In G. Bridges and R. Brunt, eds. 1987, Silver Linings, London: Lawrence & Wishart. Larrain, J., 1991. Stuart Hall and the Marxist Concept of Ideology. In D., Morley & K. Chen, eds. 2007, Stuart Hall - Critical Dialogues in Cultural Studies, USA & Canada: Routledge. Law, J., 2000. 'On the Subject of the Object: Narrative, Technology, and Interpellation". Configurations, 8(1), pp. 1-29. Pà ªcheux, M., 1975, Les và ©rità ©s de La Palice, Paris: Maspero. Sawyer, Keith R., 2002. "A Discourse on Discourse: An Archaeological History of an Intellectual Concept". Cultural Studies, 16 (3), pp. 433–456. Weedon, C., 2004. Identity and Culture: Narratives of Difference and Belonging. Maidenhead: Open University Press.

Chronicle of a Death Foretold (Gabriel García Márquez) and The House of Bernarda Alba (Frederico García Lorca) :: essays papers

Chronicle of a Death Foretold, by Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez and â€Å"The House of Bernarda Alba†, by Frederico Garcà ­a Lorca People will do and say almost anything to protect their reputations. Their reputations become such a large part of their lives that their thoughts and actions revolve around protecting and maintain them. In Chronicle of a Death Foretold, by Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez and â€Å"The House of Bernarda Alba†, by Frederico Garcà ­a Lorca, the characters focus their lives on building and maintaining good reputations. Bernarda’s life totally revolved around her reputation. The Vicario brothers got so caught up in trying to regain the family’s honor they were even willing to kill a man. Finally, In â€Å"In a Grove†, by Ryunosuke Akutagawa, Tajomaru, Takehiko, and his wife all took credit for Takehiko’s death. They did this to receive some honor and try to better their reputations in a tough situation. Bernarda dedicates her life to insure that her family has a good reputation. She acts like this because she cares so much about what other people think of her. Bernarda is constantly regulating the things that her daughters can and can’t do. After their father’s death Bernarda wants to stick with tradition so she tells her daughters, â€Å"[d]uring our eight years of mourning no wind from the street will enter this house!† She is forcing her daughters to shut out whatever social life they had to stay in Bernarda’s â€Å"prison† for eight years and mourn their father’s death. She forces her daughters to stay in the house because she thinks that if she lets her daughters out people will think that they are not sad about their fathers death and Bernarda doesn’t want to give people a reason to talk about the family. Bernarda is so concerned what the neighbors think about the family that she tries to make sure that none of the familyâ₠¬â„¢s business leaks out of the house, so the neighbors won’t have anything to talk about. During a dispute in her house she says, â€Å"[t]he neighbors must have their ears glued to the walls.† She is terrified that the neighbors may have heard something and now they will have something to gossip about. Bernarda is so concerned about the image of her family that other people see, she even tells her family what to wear. When Bernarda’s daughter Martirio is going to go out into the courtyard, Bernarda says, â€Å"[v]ery well, but don’t take the kerchief off your head.

How Accurate Is the Label “Era of Good Feelings”?

Prior to the war of 1812, the United States was riddled with domestic political conflicts between the Federalist and Republican parties and diplomatic conflicts with Britain and France. The Federalist and Republicans’ opinions differed in every subject and diplomatic policies against Britain and France divided the nation. At one point, disunion was so apparent that during the Hartford Convention in 1814, New England almost seceded from the Union. After the war of 1812, from 1815 to 1825, some Historians claimed that the nation embraced an Era of Good Feelings due to the destruction of the Federalist Party (but not its ideas) and the numerous nationalistic improvements. However, a better name for the post war years of 1815 to 1825 is an Era of Mixed Feelings because although there were improvements stimulated by nationalism, there were also conflicts created by sectionalism. After the war of 1812, the people of the United States felt enormous pride in winning a war against the almighty Britain and used their nationalism to inspire improvements. Beginning with James Monroe’s election in 1816, Monroe (Republican) won the election with an outstanding ratio of 183 electoral votes to his opponent Rufus King’s (Federalist) 34 votes. Then in 1820, Monroe had no formidable opponent and acquired every vote expect, thus marking the end of the Federalist Party. The nation was more untied than the pre-war era due to the emergence of the National Republican Party which had a hybrid of both Federalist and Republican beliefs. During Monroe’s presidency, the Monroe Doctrine was created and Florida became U. S. territory, both of which bolstered U. S. supremacy in the Western Hemisphere. In 1819, the U. S. acquired Florida from Spain for $5 million, which basically secured U. S. power in North America. Then in 1823, the Monroe Doctrine constituted U. S. supremacy in the Western Hemisphere by stating that European powers have no right to interfere in Western affairs, and are not allowed to have further colonization within the Americas. The doctrine was especially important because it helped to proclaim U. S. independence since Monroe chose to not align U. S. with Britain and took a firm position against the potent European powers. (Doc. H) Both of these events created positive vibes in the country as the U. S. ecame more and more of a superpower. At a cultural level, people rejoiced with nationalism and celebrated national holidays such as Independence Day with vanity. (Doc. C) Francis Scott Key’s Star Spangled Banner gained ubiquitous popularity and became the national anthem and many great works of literature such as Washing Irving’s short stories illu strated American culture and values. In addition, the nation’s economy prospered due to Henry Clay’s American System, which promoted protective tariffs to protect and create industry and internal improvements such as roads, turnpikes, and canals to enhance internal commerce and unity. The internal improvements were especially important because as Calhoun puts it, â€Å"the extent of the republic exposes us to the greatest of calamities—disunion,† thus by binding â€Å"the republic together with a perfect system of roads and canals†, the U. S. can economically grow in unity. (Doc. B) By examining the prevalent post-war accomplishments and improvements, it is evident that from the period of 1815 to 1825, the U. S. enjoyed a period of nationalism and prosperity. On the contrary, although the years 1815 to 1825 had numerous improvements due to nationalism, sectionalism and the 2nd B. U. S. ilemma caused many conflicts for the United States. First off, despite the fact that President Monroe won the elections of 1816 and 1820 with little to no opposition, by 1824, there were four candidates from the north, south and west; Andrew Jackson from Tennessee, John Q. Adams from Massachusetts, Henry Clay from Kentucky, and William Crawford from Georgia were representing different sections of the United States with unalike interests. (Doc. I) One of the main differences in interests was the issue of slavery, which Thomas Jefferson had predicted that one day it would be â€Å"the [death] knell of the Union. (Doc. E) The North’s economy had little to no use for slavery while the South’s economy depended on the slavery; especially after Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin, which allowed the production of cotton thus increasing demand for slaves. The Missouri Comprise of 1820 was a chief example of how slavery separated the people. The Missouri Comprise allowed Missouri to enter as a slave state and Maine to enter as a free state in order to fashion a balance of power and created a 36-30 latitude line border that unofficially established the North as anti-slavery states and the South as pro-slavery states. Undoubtedly, the compromise damaged the nationalistic feelings of the nation and created sectionalism since the North and the South refused to give up political power that would put their region’s interests at stake. Economically, the nation’s wealth did increase but the issue of protective tariffs brought disunion because the North supported it while the South opposed it. Many people of the South shared John Randolph’s view that it was â€Å"unjust, to aggravate the burdens of the people for the purpose of favoring the manufactures. † (Doc. A) Furthermore, the Panic of 1819, which was chiefly the fault of the 2nd Bank of the United States, hindered the nation’s growth. Initially, the 2nd B. U. S. was run by William Jones who issued more banknotes than there were species and allowed employees to steal from the bank. When Jones was replaced by Cheeves, Cheeves stopped issuing bank notes so he could stop the distressing inflation. This course of action damaged businesses and farms throughout the country thus people could not pay their loans. As a result banks foreclosed people’s properties but even then, banks could not sell the mortgages. This dominoes effect destroyed the nation’s economy and stymied the national pride. Due to the sectionalist conflicts of slavery and economic issues, it is palpable that the years 1815 to 1825 was not completely an Era of Good Feelings but bad feelings as well. Shortly after the war of 1812, the United States experienced many improvements culturally, economically, politically, and diplomatically. The nation celebrated its culture and virtues, adopted Henry Clay’s American System, was united politically until the years prior to the election of 1824, and made auspicious declarations with European powers. However, disregarding the accomplishments and improvements were the sectionalist conflict of slavery that divided the north and the south, the 2nd B. U. S. internal improvements such as roads, turnpikes, and canals to enhance internal commerce and unity predicament that caused the devastating Panic of 1819, and the issue of protective tariffs. In the end, because the years 1815 to 1825 had both good and bad feelings, improvements and conflicts, it is best to label the period as an Era of Mixed Feelings characterized by nationalism and sectionalism.

A Generation Set Aside

Often we hear of the generation gap — that huge expanse between parent and child. Perhaps it is an acquaintance gap. Young people and adults do not know each other. The inability to communicate often enters the picture. Sometimes it is because neither knows what the other is interested in. They live under the same roof, but they rarely see one another, especially after the teenage years come along. The father goes off to work before the children are awake. Mother may go back to bed after seeing the husband off to work; or off to her own job. Teenagers get themselves up and off to school without seeing either parent. Then after school there is ball practice, band practice, or something else that consumes their time; maybe a job that lasts until bedtime. Parents have things that tie them up in the evenings; so the days come and go, and there is precious little time spent together. A meal together is even a rare occasion. All of these activities may be wholesome and proper, but still the family suffers because there is so little time spent together. This causes many children to make too many decisions on their own, and so often they will leave important and crucial matters out of their thoughts and plans. This generation often gets labelled by the media and the older people in society as the â€Å"youngsters who are tearing this country apart. † The fact of the matter is that we are a product of our parent’s mistakes and remain to be misunderstood. In the past several years we have seen much media attention focused on the generation that followed the boomers, popularly known as Generation X. Born between the mid-1960s and early 1980s, this is the most complex of the generation, and by far the least understood in spite of its current celebrity. This generation can best be described as the â€Å"Misunderstood Generation. † They are the generation that dealt with and are still dealing with broken homes, drug addiction, AIDS, and bleak futures. A great deal of the young people in this â€Å"Misunderstood Generation† think very little about the future or present issues. This generation has lost sight of long terms goals and the idea that hard work pays off in the end. Instead, the people in this generation concern themselves only with what will bring immediate satisfaction and gratification. This part of society cares only about money and themselves, never thinking about the consequences of their actions. The â€Å"Misunderstood Generation† feels overwhelmed with the idea of a country with a multi- trillion dollar deficit, a high rate of poverty, and relatively no jobs. The â€Å"Misunderstood Generation† wants less out of life. This generation has evolved from the children that came home from school to an empty house because mom had to go back to work after the divorce. This is the generation that got its morals from watching T. V. after school and was parented by an older brother or sister. This is the generation that has unconventional ways and does not always reason for them. They are uncertain and need answers. They poke and prod to find what is lying ahead. They have loud voices but are seldom heard. This is the generation which has high expectations and are often disappointed. I, as well as all of the others born in my generation, were unleashed into an ever changing world. The advances of today can easily be old news tomorrow. Along with this they, the people who have lived and controlled up until this day, have allowed the respect of the living to dwindle with the consistently increasing ease of everyday life. Transportation from one point to another can be the simplest of tasks. Communication with someone in any far off land can be reached with just the touch of a button. And access to almost all the information the world has to offer is free for all with the use of the Internet. No other group of people have grown up with these things as being such the standards and necessities of life and living that they are today. We have never had a war in our country. All of the wars that might have occurred while we’ve lived our young lives could only be seen through the glare of the t. v. The same thing that has totally been a part of our life feeding us knowingly false images of what it means to â€Å"be†, but which seems to relate to us all. The same thing, however, does indeed show us the horrors of ever increasing crime and the vitality of these acts. Living has become an easier accomplishment with every new device, but with each new mark we leave on this world a new problem arises for us and all that follow. Today the marks are abundant and the affects are already in motion. This is what has made us a generation set aside and why it appears that we are some wonder to the rest of society. Tomorrow, however, we will wonder the same. I believe movies such as Clerks, Reality Bites, and Boyz N the Hood accurately portray the â€Å"Misunderstood Generation. All of these movies deal with real life problems of this generation and have characters that seem extremely life like. For example, in the movie Reality Bites, the main female character gets out of college to discover that she can’t find a job making much more than minimum wage. Another character in the movie gets fired regularly from different minimum wage jobs, lives with different friends from week to week, and only worries about what will make him happy. These movies reflect the â€Å"Misunderstood Generation† in a way that all people can try to understand what it is like to grow up this day in age. This is a generation that has never known a world without televistion. In my own research I have found that all this and much more to be true. A male 18, says â€Å"In ten years I see myself employed in my field of study and with my first girlfriend. † When I asked him when the turning point of his live was he said; â€Å"It sounds really funny but it was when I read Catcher In the Rye. I went through a psychotic and depressing state of mind, after which I made a pact not to waste time and make the best out of every second of my existence. His was just an example that justifies the fact that there are many things that could influence the awaking of an individual. A male 17, wrote â€Å"I don’t think that we aren’t so complex, just that the real complexities of young people are finally being treated seriously and studied for the first time† when he was asked what his feelings were towards the statement; â€Å"Generation X is considered to be the most complex but least understood generation† Role models and heroes paly a crucial part in the decision-making of today’s youth. Many of us look to somebody who’s popular, good-looking and successful to imitate, look up to and take advice from. Xers will sacrifice their lives for a worthy cause. Many are ready to do so now. But we need evangelists who will take the time to befriend us and listen to us and be genuine the whole time. I am not too aggravated with the statement â€Å"Generation X is considered to be the most complex but least understood generation† anymore. After all, everybody is different, society is different, and lets face it, I am only one of the thousands maybe even millions of gen exers out there.

Analysis of the Origin of the Illuminati during the 18th Century in Germany

Analysis of the Origin of the Illuminati during the 18th Century in Germany Illuminati, the term or word would be, â€Å"Enlightened ones†. Illuminati are a rationalistic society all over the world led by their ruler Lucifer (Satan). The Illuminati was discovered in Germany in 1776 by Professor Adam Weishaupt, who was born on February 6, 1748. Professor Weishaupt got into the Illumination when he was initiated at the Masonic lodge in 1777. The words that have made him the founder of the Illuminati on May 1, 1776 were, â€Å"I did not bring deism into Barvaria more than into Rome. I found it here, in great vigour, more abounding than in any of the neighboring protestant states. I am very proud to be the world founder of the Illuminati† (â€Å"Adam Weishaupt† 6-7). Then on November 18, 1830 the world founder of the Illuminati, Professor Adam Weishaupt died. There are certain things in the world that is either bloodlines or contacted families of the Illuminati, and people don’t even realize that this is affecting the world. The Illuminati are affecting America very badly day by day by having bloodlines and families in the United States. But one family of the Illuminati is quite a surprising one. Disney is a part/family of the Illuminati. Now the reason why this is affecting America or even before this in the 1800’s and before, it has been affecting people because there was this wealthy family called the Rockefeller’s. But Disney is â€Å"one of the best deceptions of the Illuminati† (â€Å"Fritz Springmeiers† 1). Also Disney in the movies that they make for example, Lion King, the Little Mermaid, Aladdin. There are subliminal messages in all the movies; for example, in the movie, The Little Mermaid Disney has decided to put inappropriate messages to represent themselves as bloodline or contacted family of the Illuminati. Like when the Arial is getting married, the priest has a very disturbing erection if you play close attention. Then in The Lion King when Simba is on the ro ck at night staring in the sky full of stars. Now in that point if you connect the stars â€Å"Sex† is spelled in the air. I think this is horrible because they say Disney is the â€Å"happiest place on earth† but when it’s really the one of the most demonic places on earth and most perverted. So when the Illuminati were formed as a team they knew they needed something to represent them to show the world secretly that they’re out there. My research shows that this family is famous for architecture and arts. This contacted family with the Illuminati is called the Merovingians. Now these people were the founders of the first â€Å"Germanic Frankish dynasty† (â€Å"Merovingian art and architecture† 1). And basically what the Merovingians did was just fine works of art all around Europe. Also they did work on churches as well as towers. The art work were is mostly found at, Auxerre, Jouarre, Lyons, and Poitiers. Also another fancy thing they did was sculptures of animals like lambs and birds. But what it all comes down to is the Illuminati. How? Because all the sculptures were in rows and within geometric patterns, were tirelessly repeated on sarcophagi. Also these are the manuscripts that are illumination on the animals in the sculptures. The thing that makes the Merovinignas a part of the Illuminati is, they were one of 8 bloodlines of the illuminati bloodlines. Also they were called the â€Å"Holy Grail†. The Merovingians were a very high degree Freemasons, so that is there contact with the Illuminati. The Illuminati is a very dangerous group in the world. As we speak, they all believe that Lucifer is their one and only savior. And so then Lucifer’s satanic goal is to â€Å"destroy all governments and religions and just basically bring the world under his power in control† (â€Å"Joe Lanier† 8) affecting the world the music industry has to do a lot with this because today, children are listening to this satanic music and the artists of the music do not even care because the only reason they are in this satanic group is for the money, the fame, the spotlight, the shine. But what Lucifer calls this takeover is the, â€Å"New World Order†. But the only reason for this massive takeover to just be controlled by his power and his power only. So basically the antichrist just wants to be the ultimate leader. Then back into the satanic symbols on the back of the one dollar bill, there is a triangle on the left said and it has a satanic eye on the very top-BUT al so around the satanic pyramid there is lettering around them saying, â€Å"Annuit Ceoptus Novus Ordo Seclorum† which by going to back to the word of, â€Å"New World Order well is the exact term. Some of the founders of the Illuminati were, of course, Adam Wieshaupt, Baron von Knigge, Prince Karl of Hesse, Count Mirabaeau, Duke of Orleans, and Georges Danton. Now all these men had something to do with the Illuminati, what they all had in common was that they were in on a plan to, â€Å"Purest the form of Christianity† ( â€Å"Mcllhany† 7) . And the reason for that is to have everybody min world all the mankind to be all in one family. As explained above, there, are some very influential families that are trying to take over the world, and put it under Lucifer’s command. So, what if the Illuminati do succeed? What will happen if they fail? The Illuminati will not succeed because Lucifer first of all, he has to go through god and god is very powerful and Lucifer thinks that he will defeat him but of course we all believe that the world will end-but not in Lucifer’s command. Also the Illuminati probably will have its chance to takeover but they wont do it there way. Heres another problem what if they take over the world because of their music industry because right now the music that is being played is based on the Illuminati, not all of it but just some of it. Were just going to have to see what happens.

Wild moneyless hero Chery1 Strayed and Joseph Campbell Essay

Wild moneyless hero Chery1 Strayed and Joseph Campbell - Essay Example Joseph Campbell explains ‘the call to adventure’ as â€Å"a blunter wild moneyless hero Chery1 Strayed and Joseph Campbell merest chance-reveals to an unsuspected world, and the individual is drawn into a relationship with forces that are not rightly understood† (56). In addition, Freud states that blunders do not represent the mere chances, but they result from suppressed conflicts and desire. He further states that, blunders are ripples on one’s life surface resulting from unsuspected springs. Cheryl Strayed clearly depicts this in her story when she loses her mother due to lung cancer. The life of Cheryl Strayed gets into a downward spiral those results to her family’s destination, heroin addiction, and compulsive adultery. In order to survey, the wreckage of her family and her life at 26 years of age and newly divorced, Cheryl Strayed decides to 1,770 kilometers alone along the Pacific Crest Trail (from California to Oregon). The reason of this hiking is that, Strayed thinks that through hiking she will think about her entire life and family and find her strength once more, far from all that made her life ridiculous. Unfortunately, Strayed candidly admits that her journey does not succeed as she had planned. This is also evident in Joseph Campbell’s theory of the hero in the second phase of initiation (Campbell 23). Joseph Campbell shows that for one to become a hero he or she must pass through many trials. This is evident in the subcategories of meeting with the goddess, the apotheosis, the ultimate boon, woman as the temptress, and atonement. According to Joseph Campbell, â€Å"this is a favorite phase of the myth adventure†¦ it has produced a world literature of miraculous tests and ordeals† (81). Joseph Campbell in his theory of the hero asserts that for one to become a hero he or she must admit to some trials and challenges (Campbell 21). Cheryl Strayed highly supports and portrays this argument in her story. Even before the

International perspectives in organisation Literature review

International perspectives in organisation - Literature review Example According to Javidan et al. (2006), global leadership is one of the critical factors in the management of large multinational corporations. In their paper titled â€Å"In the eye of the beholder† the researchers particularly use the research findings from the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE) program as a basis for conceptualizing the global leadership differences. Generally, Javidan et al. (2006) effectively presents the cultural profiles of four countries namely France, Egypt, Brazil and China as a case study to highlight the potential cultural implications of a hypothetical American executive working in the business environments in these countries. Javidan et al. (2006) particularly suggests that cross cultural leadership should represent an open mind and understand overly the cultures of different countries. Mangers should be critical and analyze empirically the cultures of their countries’ to the cultures of the people in the countries of their business operations. Managing and leading in different counties: The corporate management should be considerate on the types of marketing activities across the different countries of their operations. Both the dominant and metropolitan countries managerial schemes should be in an equilibrium and modal way of management. Regional clustering of globe nations: The business corporate world is prone to completion. Through these competitions, a global cultural clustering is therefore eminent with about 62-case studied culture clustering from America continent through to African continent to Asia and Europe (Jovidan et al, 2009 p.122). The study concludes by highlighting practices such as the ability of the individual global managers to share information about their culture alongside the culture of the host country, contemplate bridging the gap between two diversified cultures, to exhibit a high level of ambiguity tolerance and to remain